HTML Introduction -this page update zoom
What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
- HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
- A markup language is a set of markup tags
- HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
why do need html?
As the HTML is a very easy language for creating the web pages. It can be learned in few hours or in few days. It is the basic format of the HTML file it can be displayed on mostly operating system which supports the web browser.
What is an HTML File?
1. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
2. An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags.
3. The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page.
4. An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension
An HTML file can be created using any simple text editor like "Notepad" of theMicrosoft Windows.
The HTML file can be divided into the three parts:
HTML Header
HTML Body
HTML Footer
So let us see the Body of the HTML File:
HTML Header is the top most part of the HTML file in this section of the file we define the header of file and also Title of the file can be provided.
HTML Body is the middle part of file, in this section we define all text and elementswhich is to displayed on web page.
HTML Footer is the end section of the file.
Example:
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
How To Write a HTML File
To write a HTML file you need an text editor, open the text editor and start writing fileas given below:
Steps to write a file & view the web page:
1. Open the text editor (e.g. notepad).
2. Write the above file in it OR copy the above file and paste it on the notepad.
3. Save this file as .htm or .html file extension (e.g. <filename>.htm , .html).
4. Now open the Internet Browser and open the saved file.
5. Now you can see your web page.
The file starts from an <html> tag and ends with the </html>. <html> tag identifiesthat it is an HTML file. <html> is also called as open tag and it also need its closed tag which is </html>. Between these tags we will define the Header of the file, so add the<head> tag and below it write to close <head> tag.
More to display the Title to the Web Browser use the special tag <title> write here title </title>. Text written between the <title> & </title> tag will be displayed as the header of the your web page. The important tag is <body> tag. Whatever you want to display on the web page you must write it in between <body> & </body>.
HTML Tags
Introduction
Tags are the reserve keywords used in the HTML file. With the help of tags we can set the format of the text and elements used in the file.
Example: Setting the font, size, color, bold, italic, Underline to the text
In HTML language all of the files are written using tags. Even starting of the html file is done by the <html> tag and ended with the </html> end tag. Tags are the reserved keywords used in the HTML. They are the predefined words called tags.
· HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements.
· HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters <and>
· The surrounding characters are called angle brackets.
· HT· The text between the start and end tags is the element content.ML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
· The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag.
· The text between the start and end tags is the element content.
· HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>
What is an HTML File?
1. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
2. An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags.
3. The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page.
4. An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension
An HTML file can be created using any simple text editor like "Notepad" of theMicrosoft Windows.
The HTML file can be divided into the three parts:
HTML Header
HTML Body
HTML Footer
So let us see the Body of the HTML File:
HTML Header is the top most part of the HTML file in this section of the file we define the header of file and also Title of the file can be provided.
HTML Body is the middle part of file, in this section we define all text and elementswhich is to displayed on web page.
HTML Footer is the end section of the file.
Example:
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
How To Write a HTML File
To write a HTML file you need an text editor, open the text editor and start writing fileas given below:
Steps to write a file & view the web page:
1. Open the text editor (e.g. notepad).
2. Write the above file in it OR copy the above file and paste it on the notepad.
3. Save this file as .htm or .html file extension (e.g. <filename>.htm , .html).
4. Now open the Internet Browser and open the saved file.
5. Now you can see your web page.
The file starts from an <html> tag and ends with the </html>. <html> tag identifiesthat it is an HTML file. <html> is also called as open tag and it also need its closed tag which is </html>. Between these tags we will define the Header of the file, so add the<head> tag and below it write to close <head> tag.
More to display the Title to the Web Browser use the special tag <title> write here title </title>. Text written between the <title> & </title> tag will be displayed as the header of the your web page. The important tag is <body> tag. Whatever you want to display on the web page you must write it in between <body> & </body>.
HTML Tags
Introduction
Tags are the reserve keywords used in the HTML file. With the help of tags we can set the format of the text and elements used in the file.
Example: Setting the font, size, color, bold, italic, Underline to the text
In HTML language all of the files are written using tags. Even starting of the html file is done by the <html> tag and ended with the </html> end tag. Tags are the reserved keywords used in the HTML. They are the predefined words called tags.
· HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements.
· HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters <and>
· The surrounding characters are called angle brackets.
· HT· The text between the start and end tags is the element content.ML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
· The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag.
· The text between the start and end tags is the element content.
· HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>
HTML Tags
Basic HTML Tags
The most important tags in HTML are tags that define headings, paragraphs, bodyand line breaks. The basic HTML Tags are described here in the form of table so that you can remind them easily.
Tag Description
<html> Defines an HTML document
<head> Defines information about the document
<title> Defines the document title
<body> Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines header 1 to header 6
<p> Defines a paragraph
<br> Inserts a single line break
<hr> Defines a horizontal rule
<!--> Defines a comment
Description Of The Above Tags
<html>tag
This element tells a browser that this is an HTML document. This tag is defined at the top of the HTML file and at the end of file.
Format:
<html>
<body>..............body of HTML.............</body>
</html>
Example:
<html>
<body> this is my first page </body>
</html>
<head> tag
The head tag defines information about the document. The browser does not display the"head information" to the user. The following tags can be in the head section:<base>, <link>, <meta>, <script>, <style>, and <title>. The head tag is used between <html> and <body> tags.
Format:
<html> <head>.....head sections....</head> <body>......body of HTML........</body> </html>
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>Basic tag</title>
</head>
<body> this is my first page </body>
</html>
<title> tag
Title tag defines the title of the document which appears in the Title bar of theexplorer window. Title tag is used in between <head> and </head> tag because it is title tag is section of <head> tag.
Format:
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the Page</title>
</head>
<body>.....body of HTML......</body>
</html>
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>Basic tag</title>
</head>
<body> this is my first page </body>
</html>
<body> tag
The body element defines the document's body. It contains all the contents of the document (like text, images, colors, graphics etc).
Format:
<body bgcolor ="color_name" background="file_name" links="color_name" text="color_name">
Example:
<body bgcolor ="red" background="c:\img\sky.jpg" links="blue" text="black"> Attributes
Attribute Value Description
background file_name An image to use as the background. Deprecated. Use styles instead.
bgcolor color_name The background color of the document. Deprecated. Use styles instead.
link, alink, vlink color_name Specifies the color of all the links in the document. Deprecated. Use
- styles instead.
text color_name Specifies the color of the text in the document. Deprecated. Use styles
- instead.
<hn>...</hn> Heading Tags
These tags are used to display headings in an HTML document. through these tags you can increase the size of the text. In these tags <h1> tag defines the largestheader & <h6> defines smallest.
These tags are <h1> </h1>, <h2> </h2>, <h3> </h3>, <h4> </h4>, <h5> </h5>
Format:
<hn>.............. text..............</hn>
Example:
<h1> this is my first page </h1> or <h1 align="right">text</h1> Attribute of the <hn>Tag.
Attribute of the <hn> Tag
It has only one attribute i.e. Align="value" values may be right, left, center andjustified. you can use this align attribute in many tags to align the text or elements.
align value (right, center, left, justified)
<p>.....</p> Paragraph Tag
This tag is used for creating the paragraph in the web page. It is used inside the body of file.
Format:
<p>......longtext..........</p>
Example:
<p> This is the test of paragraph tag........</p>
In this tag align attribute can be used.
<br> tag
The <br> tag inserts a single line break. Use the <br> tag to enter blank lines, not to separate paragraphs. This tag has no end tag.
The <br> tag inserts a single line break. Use the <br> tag to enter blank lines, not to separate paragraphs. This tag has no end tag.
Format
text........<br> .....text
Example:
This is a break <br> in the line.
<hr> tag
The <hr> tag inserts a horizontal rule. The <hr> tag has no end tag.
Format:
text......<hr> ......text or text......<hr align=" " size=" " width=" ">.... text
Example:
This is the test of the tag <hr>
The most important tags in HTML are tags that define headings, paragraphs, bodyand line breaks. The basic HTML Tags are described here in the form of table so that you can remind them easily.
Tag Description
<html> Defines an HTML document
<head> Defines information about the document
<title> Defines the document title
<body> Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines header 1 to header 6
<p> Defines a paragraph
<br> Inserts a single line break
<hr> Defines a horizontal rule
<!--> Defines a comment
Description Of The Above Tags
<html>tag
This element tells a browser that this is an HTML document. This tag is defined at the top of the HTML file and at the end of file.
Format:
<html>
<body>..............body of HTML.............</body>
</html>
Example:
<html>
<body> this is my first page </body>
</html>
<head> tag
The head tag defines information about the document. The browser does not display the"head information" to the user. The following tags can be in the head section:<base>, <link>, <meta>, <script>, <style>, and <title>. The head tag is used between <html> and <body> tags.
Format:
<html> <head>.....head sections....</head> <body>......body of HTML........</body> </html>
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>Basic tag</title>
</head>
<body> this is my first page </body>
</html>
<title> tag
Title tag defines the title of the document which appears in the Title bar of theexplorer window. Title tag is used in between <head> and </head> tag because it is title tag is section of <head> tag.
Format:
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the Page</title>
</head>
<body>.....body of HTML......</body>
</html>
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>Basic tag</title>
</head>
<body> this is my first page </body>
</html>
<body> tag
The body element defines the document's body. It contains all the contents of the document (like text, images, colors, graphics etc).
Format:
<body bgcolor ="color_name" background="file_name" links="color_name" text="color_name">
Example:
<body bgcolor ="red" background="c:\img\sky.jpg" links="blue" text="black"> Attributes
Attribute Value Description
background file_name An image to use as the background. Deprecated. Use styles instead.
bgcolor color_name The background color of the document. Deprecated. Use styles instead.
link, alink, vlink color_name Specifies the color of all the links in the document. Deprecated. Use
- styles instead.
text color_name Specifies the color of the text in the document. Deprecated. Use styles
- instead.
<hn>...</hn> Heading Tags
These tags are used to display headings in an HTML document. through these tags you can increase the size of the text. In these tags <h1> tag defines the largestheader & <h6> defines smallest.
These tags are <h1> </h1>, <h2> </h2>, <h3> </h3>, <h4> </h4>, <h5> </h5>
Format:
<hn>.............. text..............</hn>
Example:
<h1> this is my first page </h1> or <h1 align="right">text</h1> Attribute of the <hn>Tag.
Attribute of the <hn> Tag
It has only one attribute i.e. Align="value" values may be right, left, center andjustified. you can use this align attribute in many tags to align the text or elements.
align value (right, center, left, justified)
<p>.....</p> Paragraph Tag
This tag is used for creating the paragraph in the web page. It is used inside the body of file.
Format:
<p>......longtext..........</p>
Example:
<p> This is the test of paragraph tag........</p>
In this tag align attribute can be used.
<br> tag
The <br> tag inserts a single line break. Use the <br> tag to enter blank lines, not to separate paragraphs. This tag has no end tag.
The <br> tag inserts a single line break. Use the <br> tag to enter blank lines, not to separate paragraphs. This tag has no end tag.
Format
text........<br> .....text
Example:
This is a break <br> in the line.
<hr> tag
The <hr> tag inserts a horizontal rule. The <hr> tag has no end tag.
Format:
text......<hr> ......text or text......<hr align=" " size=" " width=" ">.... text
Example:
This is the test of the tag <hr>
Attribute
|
Value
|
Description
|
<!--...--> Comment Tag
The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the source code. A comment will be ignored by the browser. You can use comments to explain your code, which can help you when you edit the source code at a later date.
You can also store program-specific information inside comments. In this case they will not be visible for the user, but they are still available to the program. A good practice is to comment the text inside the script and style elements to prevent older browsers, that do not support scripting or styles, from showing it as plain text.
Format:
<!-- add here your comments these will not be displayed -->
Example:
<!-- add here your comments these will not be displayed -->
You might have became bored of reading so lets do some practical.
Follow these Steps:
copy this code in the new file of any text editor.
Save it with htm or html extension.
Open the Internet Browser.
Open the saved file in it.
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>In body tag</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="lightyellow" text="red">
In body tag, background color is defined as black and textcolor is defined as the white.
<hr>
<h1> this is the h1 header </h1>
<h2> this is the h2header </h2>
<h3> this is the h3 header </h3>
<h4> this is the h4 header </h4>
<h5> this is the h5 header </h5>
<hr>This is the use of "Break" tag<br> and you will see use of more tags<br>
<hr> look at the use of comment tag it is<!-- It is a comment line --> good
<hr><p> This is the use of paragraph tag and you will see use of more tags </p>
The effect of "hr" tag <br> <hr>
</body>
</html>
The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the source code. A comment will be ignored by the browser. You can use comments to explain your code, which can help you when you edit the source code at a later date.
You can also store program-specific information inside comments. In this case they will not be visible for the user, but they are still available to the program. A good practice is to comment the text inside the script and style elements to prevent older browsers, that do not support scripting or styles, from showing it as plain text.
Format:
<!-- add here your comments these will not be displayed -->
Example:
<!-- add here your comments these will not be displayed -->
You might have became bored of reading so lets do some practical.
Follow these Steps:
copy this code in the new file of any text editor.
Save it with htm or html extension.
Open the Internet Browser.
Open the saved file in it.
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>In body tag</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="lightyellow" text="red">
In body tag, background color is defined as black and textcolor is defined as the white.
<hr>
<h1> this is the h1 header </h1>
<h2> this is the h2header </h2>
<h3> this is the h3 header </h3>
<h4> this is the h4 header </h4>
<h5> this is the h5 header </h5>
<hr>This is the use of "Break" tag<br> and you will see use of more tags<br>
<hr> look at the use of comment tag it is<!-- It is a comment line --> good
<hr><p> This is the use of paragraph tag and you will see use of more tags </p>
The effect of "hr" tag <br> <hr>
</body>
</html>
Explanation of the page:
The title of the page is at the top in blue strip. All the text appears in white color andbackground in the black color. Because in the <body> tag the bgcolor and textcolor is defined. The horizontal line appears because of the <hr> tag and the <br>tag breaks the text in between and displays it on new line. The comment statement is not displayed.
The title of the page is at the top in blue strip. All the text appears in white color andbackground in the black color. Because in the <body> tag the bgcolor and textcolor is defined. The horizontal line appears because of the <hr> tag and the <br>tag breaks the text in between and displays it on new line. The comment statement is not displayed.
Character Format Tags
These tags are used for the formatting of the text such as underline, bold, italic, font, size, color of the text.
All these character formatting Tags are defined in the table shown below:
These tags are used for the formatting of the text such as underline, bold, italic, font, size, color of the text.
All these character formatting Tags are defined in the table shown below:
Char Format Tag
|
Description
|
<b> Tag
The <b> tag is used to make the text bold.
Format:
<b> ................text.........</b>
<i> Tag
The <i> tag displays the italic text.
Format:
<i> ................text.........</i>;
<tt> Tag
The <tt> tag displays the typewriter text.
Format:
<tt> ................text.........</tt>
<u> Tag
The <u> tag displays the underlined text.
Format:
<u> ................text.........</u>
<em> Tag
The <em> tag displays the emphasized text.
Format:
<em> ................text.........</em>
<big> Tag
The <big> tag displays the big text.
Format:
<big> ................text.........</big>
<small> Tag
The <small> tag displays the small text.
Format:
<small> ................text.........</small>
<strong> Tag
The <strong> tag displays strong text.
Format:
<strong> ................text.........</strong>
<sub> Tag
The <sub> tag displays text in subscripted format.
Format:
<sub> ................text.........</sub>
<sup> Tag
The <sup> tag displays superscripted text.
Format:
<sup> ................text.........</sup>
<bdo> Tag
The <bdo> tag defines the direction of the text.
Format:
<bdo> ................text.........</bdo>
<font> Tag
The <font> tag defines the font, color, size of the text.
Format:
<font face="font_name" color="color_name" size="number">........text.........</font>
Examples of the Text Formatting tags
The <b> tag is used to make the text bold.
Format:
<b> ................text.........</b>
<i> Tag
The <i> tag displays the italic text.
Format:
<i> ................text.........</i>;
<tt> Tag
The <tt> tag displays the typewriter text.
Format:
<tt> ................text.........</tt>
<u> Tag
The <u> tag displays the underlined text.
Format:
<u> ................text.........</u>
<em> Tag
The <em> tag displays the emphasized text.
Format:
<em> ................text.........</em>
<big> Tag
The <big> tag displays the big text.
Format:
<big> ................text.........</big>
<small> Tag
The <small> tag displays the small text.
Format:
<small> ................text.........</small>
<strong> Tag
The <strong> tag displays strong text.
Format:
<strong> ................text.........</strong>
<sub> Tag
The <sub> tag displays text in subscripted format.
Format:
<sub> ................text.........</sub>
<sup> Tag
The <sup> tag displays superscripted text.
Format:
<sup> ................text.........</sup>
<bdo> Tag
The <bdo> tag defines the direction of the text.
Format:
<bdo> ................text.........</bdo>
<font> Tag
The <font> tag defines the font, color, size of the text.
Format:
<font face="font_name" color="color_name" size="number">........text.........</font>
Examples of the Text Formatting tags
Examples
|
Outputs
|
You have read all the basic tags, So now lets do some practical.
Just write/copy this example on any text editor new file and save the file and openin the browser and see how it looks.
Example:
<html>
<body>
<b>This text is bold</b>
<br>
<strong> This text is strong </strong>
<br>
<big> This text is big </big>
<br>
<em> This text is emphasized </em>
<br>
<i> This text is italic </i>
<br>
<small> This text is small </small>
<br>
<u> this is underlined text </u>
<br>
This text contains
<sub> subscript </sub>
<br>
This text contains
<sup> superscript </sup>
<br> The use of font tag
<font face="arial" size="3" color="green">
this is use of font tag</font>
</body>
</html>
Page in browser will Look Like:
Just write/copy this example on any text editor new file and save the file and openin the browser and see how it looks.
Example:
<html>
<body>
<b>This text is bold</b>
<br>
<strong> This text is strong </strong>
<br>
<big> This text is big </big>
<br>
<em> This text is emphasized </em>
<br>
<i> This text is italic </i>
<br>
<small> This text is small </small>
<br>
<u> this is underlined text </u>
<br>
This text contains
<sub> subscript </sub>
<br>
This text contains
<sup> superscript </sup>
<br> The use of font tag
<font face="arial" size="3" color="green">
this is use of font tag</font>
</body>
</html>
Page in browser will Look Like:
HTML Tags
Output Tags
These tags are often used to display computer/programming code. You might be surprised for "how to display the text containing the spaces, line breaks, programming codes, sample text, define variable". Do not worry, because in this chapter we are going to show you how easily you can do easily.
So lets start with these tags:
Output Tags
These tags are often used to display computer/programming code. You might be surprised for "how to display the text containing the spaces, line breaks, programming codes, sample text, define variable". Do not worry, because in this chapter we are going to show you how easily you can do easily.
So lets start with these tags:
Tag
|
Description
|
<pre>.........</pre>Tag
This is preformatted text. It preserves both spaces and line breaks. The pre tag is good for displaying computer code.
Format:
<pre> .....text.....</pre>
Example:
<pre> for i = 1 to 10
print i
next i
</pre>
Output:
for i = 1 to 10
print i
next i
<code> .....text ......</code> Tag
This tag is also used to display the computer code. But better you use <pre> tag.
Format:
<code> .....text.....</code>
<kbd>.....Keyboard Input......</kbd> Tag
This tag displays the Keyboard Input.
Format:
<kbd> ........ Keyboard Input......</kbd>
<tt>......text....</tt> Tag
This tag displays the typewriter text.
Format:
<tt> .....text.....</tt>
<samp>....sample text...</samp> Tag
This tag displays the sample text.
Format:
<samp> .....sample text.....</samp>
<var> computer variable </var>
This tag defines the computer variable.
Format:
<var> computer variable </var>
<dfn> definition term </dfn>
this tag is used for definition term.
Examples of output tags
This is preformatted text. It preserves both spaces and line breaks. The pre tag is good for displaying computer code.
Format:
<pre> .....text.....</pre>
Example:
<pre> for i = 1 to 10
print i
next i
</pre>
Output:
for i = 1 to 10
print i
next i
<code> .....text ......</code> Tag
This tag is also used to display the computer code. But better you use <pre> tag.
Format:
<code> .....text.....</code>
<kbd>.....Keyboard Input......</kbd> Tag
This tag displays the Keyboard Input.
Format:
<kbd> ........ Keyboard Input......</kbd>
<tt>......text....</tt> Tag
This tag displays the typewriter text.
Format:
<tt> .....text.....</tt>
<samp>....sample text...</samp> Tag
This tag displays the sample text.
Format:
<samp> .....sample text.....</samp>
<var> computer variable </var>
This tag defines the computer variable.
Format:
<var> computer variable </var>
<dfn> definition term </dfn>
this tag is used for definition term.
Examples of output tags
Examples
|
Outputs
|
Now you have learned the Output Tags so lets do some practical. Below there is a file type the same code on notepad (any text editor) and save it. now open this file in theinternet browser.
Example:
<html>
<body> <code>Computer code</code>
<br>
<kbd>Keyboard input</kbd>
<br>
<tt>Teletype text</tt>
<br>
<samp>Sample text</samp>
<br>
<var>Computer variable</var>
<br>
<p>
<b>Note:</b>
These tags are often used to display computer/programming code.
</p>
</body>
</html>
Page in browser will Look Like:
Example:
<html>
<body> <code>Computer code</code>
<br>
<kbd>Keyboard input</kbd>
<br>
<tt>Teletype text</tt>
<br>
<samp>Sample text</samp>
<br>
<var>Computer variable</var>
<br>
<p>
<b>Note:</b>
These tags are often used to display computer/programming code.
</p>
</body>
</html>
Page in browser will Look Like: